Quick glance at Argentina

Argentina

Terroir & Climate

Argentina is the 5th largest wine producing nation. Vines were planted by Spanish colonisers in the mid 16th century; but it was the widespread immigration from Italy, France and Spain in the mid-19th century that bestowed Argentina with such an eclectic mix of grape varieties.

Argentina has semi-desert landscapes, very dry and hot climate (irrigation is a must). It is also affected by 'La Zonda' – a warm, dry wind that sweeps down from the hillsides; it aids viticulture significantly, as it lessens the risk of vine disease.

The high altitude of the vineyards (as high as 3,000m) and the cooling influence of the mountains enables quality wines to be made. High diurnal temperature variation means that the heat of the day ensures the accumulation of sugar and the drop in temperature at night preserves the natural acids. A greater temperature variation also helps to concentrate the colour and flavour compounds.

Important Regions

Mendoza is Argentina's powerhouse and centre of quality accounting for over 70% of total wine production (in the country). The vineyards have an average altitude of 900 m.a.s.l., soil types vary, but the majority are alluvial soils (sand over clay). Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Syrah, Tempranillo, Chardonnay, Semillon, Torrontes and Viogner grow successfully.

Salta lies in the extreme north with vineyards with lower latitudes and higher altitudes; the cold temperatures of high altitude are mitigated by the high temperatures of equatorial latitudes. Similar soils to Mendoza means that Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Merlot, Tannat, Chardonnay and Torrontes can be grown in the region.

Patagonia, the southernmost portion of the country (one of the world's least obvious places for quality viticulture), with its cooler climate (warmed by 'La Zonda') is the up-and-coming region. Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Merlot, Pinot Noir are successful but is the Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer, Sauvignon Blanc and Riesling that represent the freshness of the region.

San Juan & La Rioja are semi-desertic, dependent on irrigation & melt-water, they have vineyards between 600m and 1,200 m.a.s.l. Apart from Bonarda, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay, Savignon Blanc, Torrontes and Viogner, the region produces sherry-style wines, brandy and vermouth.

Key Grape Varieties - Malbec

Malbec came to Argentina in the late 19th century, before the Phylloxera epidemic punished European vineyards. Originally one of the minor blending varieties of Bordeaux (and the main variety in Cahors), Malbec never recovered fully from the 1956 frosts and its plantings there have fallen by 75% as growers replaced it with more fashionable, and crucially, more durable grapes.

Malbec typically ripens midway through the growing season and produces small, intensely coloured grapes. In cooler conditions (this normally means a higher altitude) more robust wines are produced, suitable for ageing. At lower altitudes (moderate to hot climates) the wines are lighter-bodied and more suited to be drunk young.

Associated flavours include plums, dark cherries, currants and raspberries.

Key Grape Varieties – Torrontes

Argentina's number one white wine, its scents are often described as lightly spicy, with the smell of white flowers.

The wines are usually medium-bodied, dry with high alcohol, medium acidity and pronounced fruity/floral aromas; without oak maturation, and are best consumed within one or two years of release.

Most of the best examples come from the Cafayate region in the northern province of Salta; sometimes blended with Chardonnay or Sauvignon Blanc.